Djibouti is a small but fascinating country in East Africa. Its strategic location at the crossroads of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula has shaped its culture. Travelers to Djibouti will find themselves immersed in a mix of Somali, Afar, French, and Arab influences. Respecting local customs is key to having a positive experience in this unique country.
Greetings
Greetings in Djibouti can vary depending on the setting, but in most situations, a handshake is the standard way to say hello. Among friends and family, people may kiss on both cheeks, similar to French customs. It’s polite to take your time during greetings. Asking about each other’s health or family is common before getting to the main point of the conversation.
If you’re meeting someone of the opposite sex, especially in more conservative settings, wait for them to initiate any physical contact. Some Djiboutians may not shake hands with the opposite sex for religious reasons. A smile and a simple nod or a verbal greeting like “As-Salaam-Alaikum” is always welcomed.
Common Greetings
”As-Salaam-Alaikum” is a traditional Islamic greeting meaning “Peace be upon you.” It’s appropriate in both social and formal settings, especially as the majority of Djiboutians are Muslim. The response to this is “Wa-Alaikum-Salaam,” which means “And upon you peace.”
In French, which is widely spoken, a simple “Bonjour” or “Bonsoir” (depending on the time of day) works well. Among the Somali and Afar communities, “Nabad” (meaning “Peace”) is also a friendly way to say hello.
Dress Code
Djibouti is a predominantly Muslim country, so modest dress is the norm. While you won’t generally be required to cover your head if you’re a woman, it’s expected that both men and women dress conservatively. Avoid revealing clothing.
For women, knee-length skirts or long pants and tops that cover the shoulders are considered respectful. Men should wear pants and avoid sleeveless shirts. In rural areas, local attire tends to be much more conservative than in the capital, Djibouti City. Naturally, dressing appropriately will help you avoid unwanted attention, and it’s a way to show respect for the local culture.
Beachwear
At the beach, locals are more relaxed with dress codes, but it’s still appreciated if you opt for more conservative swimwear. Women typically wear one-piece bathing suits or cover-ups, while men should avoid skimpy swim trunks. If you’re walking around outside of the direct beach area, make sure to cover up with a towel, a sarong, or light clothing.
Social Customs and Hospitality
Hospitality is an important part of Djiboutian culture. If you’re invited to a local’s home, consider it a great honor. When visiting, it is polite to bring a small gift for the host. This could be sweets, dates, or even something simple like fruit.
Most Djiboutians eat with their right hand, as the left is considered unclean. If you’re offered food, try to use only your right hand while eating. Even if you’re not very hungry, it’s polite to at least taste the food, as refusing can be seen as disrespectful. After eating, thanking your host and staying for a while to chat is the norm.
Khat Consumption
Khat, a mild stimulant, is commonly chewed in Djibouti. While its consumption is legal and widespread, you aren’t expected to take part if you’re uncomfortable with it. If offered, you can politely decline, and it won’t cause offense.
Behavior in Public
Public behavior in Djibouti can be more conservative than what some travelers are used to. Displays of affection, such as hugging or kissing in public, aren’t common. Couples should avoid holding hands or kissing in public spaces.
Public intoxication is frowned upon, given the country’s Islamic culture. While alcohol is available in restaurants, hotels, and bars catering to foreigners, it’s best to keep drinking moderate. Do not attempt to carry alcohol into the country, as customs checks can be strict.
Photography Etiquette
Djiboutians are generally welcoming, but it’s wise to always ask for permission before taking photos of people, especially women. Many locals may not be comfortable being photographed. It’s also a good idea to avoid taking pictures of government buildings, military installations, and airports.
Religious Customs
Islam is the dominant religion in Djibouti, and Muslim practices will play a significant role in daily life. You’ll hear the call to prayer (Adhan) five times a day, and during these times, people may stop what they’re doing to pray. If you’re near a mosque at prayer time, be respectful and avoid loud noises and disruptive behavior.
Ramadan, the holy month of fasting, is a significant time in Djibouti. During this period, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. As a traveler, it’s best to be sensitive to this. Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours. After sunset, you’ll find plenty of opportunities to break the fast at local restaurants and with locals.
Proper Behavior in Mosques
If you’re visiting a mosque, dress very conservatively. Women should cover their hair with a scarf, while both men and women should wear long sleeves and long pants or skirts. Remove your shoes before entering, as this is a sign of respect. It’s usually best to visit mosques outside of prayer times to avoid disturbing worshippers.
Language and Communication
Djibouti has three official languages: French, Arabic, and Somali. You’ll find that most people in the capital speak French fluently, while Somali and Afar are more dominant in rural areas. A few Arabic phrases can also go a long way to show respect in day-to-day interactions.
When communicating, friendly gestures and smiles can help bridge language barriers. If you don’t understand something, don’t hesitate to ask for clarification. Djiboutians are usually patient with visitors and will appreciate your effort to understand their culture.
Tipping Etiquette
Tipping isn’t mandatory in Djibouti, but it’s appreciated for good service in restaurants and for drivers. In restaurants, leaving around 10% of the total bill is a good rule of thumb. If a service charge is already included, it’s not necessary to tip more unless you feel it’s deserved.
For taxi drivers or guides, rounding up the fare or offering a small amount as a token of appreciation is common practice. Hotel staff may also expect a small tip for carrying your bags or helping with special requests.
Conclusion
Djibouti is a country where traditional customs blend with more modern elements. As a visitor, showing respect for local norms will go a long way and help you enjoy a memorable experience. Always observe cultural differences, be kind, and make an effort to learn a few local phrases. The people of Djibouti are generally welcoming and will be happy to share their unique customs with you.
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