Visiting Mauritania is an adventure many travelers miss out on. But this West African gem has so much to offer—from sweeping desert landscapes to rich culture. Yet, it’s a place that requires some planning. Here’s how you can navigate your journey with ease.
Transportation
Getting in and around Mauritania
Mauritania doesn’t have many international flights. Most flights enter through Nouakchott International Airport. Airlines like Air France and Turkish Airlines fly here, but expect limited options.
Once you’re in the country, public transport becomes a bit challenging. Buses are not always available in small towns. The best way to get around is by bush taxi—a shared taxi that can take you between cities or around rural areas.
For longer trips, minibuses are also an option, but don’t expect luxury. Plan for delays and frequent stops. If you’re traveling in the Sahara Desert, you’ll need a 4×4 vehicle. Always ensure your car is in good condition before setting off on your journey.
Rail Transport
Mauritania has one of the longest trains in the world. It runs from Zouérat to the port of Nouadhibou. It’s mainly for transporting iron ore, but it’s possible to hitch a ride. Be prepared though—it’s not a smooth or clean journey. Pack water and plenty of snacks.
Rental Cars
If you’re comfortable driving, renting a car is another option. However, roads outside major cities like Nouakchott and Nouadhibou are pretty rough. Many roads are unpaved, and accidents can happen if you’re not careful. Having a local driver is often a better choice for going long distances.
Safety
General Safety Tips
Mauritania is relatively safe, but it’s essential to stay aware of your surroundings. Avoid walking around at night, especially in less populated areas. Theft can happen, so keep your belongings close.
There are certain areas of the country where terrorism is a concern. Do your research and check local travel advisories before visiting any region, especially near the border with Mali.
If you’re heading into the desert or remote areas, always travel with a guide. The vast landscapes can be disorienting, and it’s easy to get lost if you’re unfamiliar with the region.
Health Precautions
Mauritania requires proof of a Yellow Fever vaccination for entry. Malaria is also present, especially during the rainy season. Bring mosquito repellent and consider malaria medication if you’re venturing into rural areas.
Have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, especially if you plan to explore the desert. Medical facilities in Mauritania are limited, especially outside of Nouakchott.
Cultural Customs
Respecting Local Traditions
Mauritania is an Islamic country. Dress modestly to show respect, especially in rural areas. Women should cover their shoulders and legs, while men should avoid wearing shorts.
During Ramadan, eating or drinking in public during daylight isn’t allowed. If you’re traveling during this month, be aware of this and respect the fasting customs. Most restaurants and cafes will be closed during the day.
Photography
Avoid taking photos of people without asking for permission, especially women. In many regions, this is considered highly disrespectful. You should also avoid taking photos of military or government buildings, as this can lead to fines or worse.
Meals and Hospitality
Mauritania has a strong tradition of hospitality. If you’re invited into someone’s home for tea, it would be rude to refuse. When drinking tea, accept the three cups offered. Each cup has a different meaning: the first is bitter, the second is sweet, and the third is stronger and more balanced.
Language
Communicating with Locals
Arabic is the official language of Mauritania, but French is widely spoken, especially among the older generation. Knowing a few basic phrases in either language will go a long way.
If you’re unsure how to communicate, don’t worry. Many locals are used to tourists not speaking the language. Gestures and a friendly smile also help.
Learning Key Phrases
Here are a few helpful phrases in Arabic and French:
- “Salam Alaikum” – Hello (Arabic greeting)
- “Shukran” – Thank you (Arabic)
- “Bonjour” – Hello (French)
- “Merci” – Thank you (French)
While not everyone speaks perfect English, most people are willing to help as long as you’re respectful and make an effort. Language barriers aren’t usually a major problem here.
Money-Saving Tips
Budget Accommodations
Accommodation in major cities like Nouakchott can be pricey, but there are cheaper guesthouses and budget hotels if you look around. If you’re outside the city, you’ll likely find smaller, locally-run places that offer good prices.
Campsites are also an option, especially if you’re traveling through the desert. These often cost less but come with basic facilities. Bring your sleeping gear just in case.
Bargaining
Haggling is a common practice in Mauritania. Whether you’re shopping in markets or negotiating with a taxi driver, expect to bargain. Start lower than the asking price and work your way up to a fair deal.
It’s important to stay respectful while bargaining. Don’t push too hard; if the seller isn’t willing to lower the price, politely walk away.
Street Food
Eating out doesn’t have to cost a lot. Street food can be found in cities and is usually affordable. Grilled meat, rice dishes, and flatbreads are easy to find, and they’re often as delicious as pricier meals in restaurants.
Be mindful of hygiene though—stick to food vendors with a high turnover of customers. If lots of locals are eating there, it’s probably safe.
What to Avoid
Don’t Rely on Credit Cards
Cash is king in Mauritania. Most shops, restaurants, and hotels only accept cash. ATMs exist, but they are mostly in big cities like Nouakchott. Be sure to bring enough cash, especially if you plan to venture into rural areas.
Avoid Drinking Alcohol
Mauritania is a dry country. Alcohol isn’t permitted in public, and you won’t find it in shops or restaurants. Even if you manage to get alcohol in tourist-specific areas, it’s best to avoid drinking in public out of respect for the local customs.
Be Cautious with Photography
Avoid photographing sensitive areas like airports, military zones, and government buildings. You might get in trouble for it, even if you’re snapping photos accidentally. When in doubt, ask first before taking pictures.
Blending in with Locals
Listen More, Speak Less
Locals in Mauritania tend to be warm and welcoming. You’re more likely to make friends quickly if you listen carefully and show genuine interest in their culture.
Keep conversations polite and avoid controversial topics like politics or religion. Stick to light topics, and let the local customs guide your interactions.
Dressing Like a Local
Mauritanians dress conservatively. Men, consider wearing long pants and short- or long-sleeved shirts. Women should cover their arms and legs, especially in the countryside.
In the desert, traditional clothing like the “boubou” (for men) or “melhfa” (for women) can also help you blend in better. These loose-fitting clothes are both practical and respectful.
Final Thought
Mauritania may not be the most well-known travel destination, but it’s worth exploring for its stunning landscapes, unique culture, and welcoming people. As long as you’re prepared and respectful of the local customs, you’ll have an amazing experience.
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