When you think of off-the-beaten-path destinations, Mauritania probably doesn’t jump to mind. But it should! Located in West Africa, Mauritania offers a mix of desert landscapes, ancient towns, and rich culture.
If you’re looking to explore a country that few tourists venture into, this guide will help you check out all the must-see places. From the massive dunes of the Sahara to historic trade routes and picturesque villages, here’s what you need to know when planning your trip to Mauritania.
Nouakchott: The Capital City
Nouakchott is the starting point for most travelers. It’s not as chaotic as other African capitals, but you’ll find plenty to keep you busy.
Start with the fish market at Port de Pêche. You’ll watch local fishermen bring in their daily catch. The beach is nearby and packed with colorful wooden boats.
For a cultural stop, head to the National Museum of Mauritania. It’s small, but worth a visit to learn more about the country’s history and crafts.
Finally, visit the Saudi Mosque. It’s one of the largest mosques in the city and a beautiful example of Islamic architecture.
Atar: Gateway to the Adrar Region
Atar is a small oasis town and the perfect jump-off point for visiting Mauritania’s Adrar region. Most people come here to prepare for tours into the desert.
What makes it a must-stop? The Souk. Here you’ll find local goods like leather, fabrics, and desert tools. It’s also a great place to chat with locals and sip some Mauritanian tea.
From Atar, you can also hire a guide to explore the nearby canyons, rock formations, and dunes that surround the region.
Ouadane: An Ancient Caravan Town
About 120km east of Atar lies Ouadane. This ancient trading post was once an important location for caravans heading across the Sahara.
Today, it’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site that looks like it’s stepped out of time. The old town is largely in ruins, but some of the buildings have been restored.
Take a walk through its tight, winding streets and admire the crumbling stone structures. It’s a piece of history in the middle of the desert.
Chinguetti: The Library of the Desert
Further into the Adrar is Chinguetti. Like Ouadane, it’s an ancient trading town. But what sets it apart are its old libraries.
These libraries date back to the Middle Ages and hold thousands of manuscripts on subjects ranging from astronomy to Islam. Some of the families who own these libraries have preserved them for generations.
Chinguetti’s mosque is also worth a visit. Built out of rough stone, its minaret is one of the oldest in the region. The town has kept its traditional desert atmosphere, a quiet and serene place you won’t forget.
Banc d’Arguin National Park
For a change of scenery, head out to Banc d’Arguin National Park along the coast. This UNESCO-listed park is a paradise for birdwatchers.
The wetlands here are home to thousands of migrating birds. You’ll spot flamingos, pelicans, terns, and other coastal species around the lagoons.
Besides birdwatching, it’s a great place to see traditional Imraguen fishing communities. They’ve lived here for centuries, relying on fishing and the natural environment for survival.
Terjit Oasis
If a desert oasis is on your bucket list, make time for Terjit. This secluded oasis is about 45km south of Atar and a refreshing break from the heat.
Surrounded by tall cliffs and date palms, cool water flows through the valley. You can take a dip, rest in the shade, and soak in the atmosphere.
Many travelers camp here overnight in traditional tents, making it a great place to relax after long desert journeys.
Nouadhibou: A Coastal Escape
Nouadhibou is Mauritania’s second-largest city and a great stop if you want to explore the coast. It’s best known for the Ras Nouadhibou Peninsula.
One quirky feature here is the “Ship Graveyard”. More than 300 abandoned ships rusting in the shallow waters have turned this spot into a strange, industrial landmark.
If you’re into wildlife, head out of town to see the colony of monk seals. Keep your distance as these seals are rare, and conservationists are working to protect them.
The Iron Ore Train to Zouérat
The iron ore train is one of Mauritania’s most famous (and extreme) experiences. It’s a 700km freight train that carries iron ore from Zouérat to Nouadhibou.
Travelers can hop aboard—most ride in the open-air, on top of the ore itself. It’s not comfortable, but it’s an unforgettable way to see the desert.
Be prepared for a tough ride; it’s cold at night and the wind blows sand everywhere. But the views of endless sand dunes are worth the effort.
Tagant Plateau and Tichit
The Tagant Plateau is another remote area filled with beautiful landscapes. The plateau is known for its rock pinnacles, canyons, and ancient settlements.
One of the towns here is Tichit, another UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its early Saharan architecture is breathtaking, especially the stone houses with intricate geometric patterns.
Your visit here will feel like discovering a lost world, far from the modern age.
Oualata: The Jewel of the Desert
Oualata, tucked away in southeastern Mauritania, is one of the country’s most picturesque towns. Famous for its red clay buildings, Oualata has long been an important stop on the trans-Saharan trade route.
What makes Oualata special is the intricate wall paintings that adorn its buildings. The designs are hand-painted by local women and usually feature bright geometric patterns and symbols.
It’s a peaceful and quiet place to wander, and you’ll get a closer look at traditional life in the Mauritanian desert.
Rich Cultural Experiences
Aside from all the natural beauty, don’t miss out on Mauritania’s cultural experiences. Hospitality is a big part of the culture here; you’ll likely be invited to share a meal or sit down for tea with locals.
Music is also key to the Mauritanian experience. Traditional music blends Arab, Berber, and African influences. Keep an ear out for instruments like the tidinit (a type of lute) and the ardin (a string instrument played by women).
Travel Tips for Mauritania
While Mauritania isn’t a major tourist hotspot, it’s important to plan ahead. Here’s what you should keep in mind:
1. Visa Requirements
Most travelers will need a visa. You can get a visa on arrival at Nouakchott International Airport, but it’s wise to confirm this before your trip.
2. Choosing When to Visit
The best time to visit is during the cooler months from November to March. Outside of this period, the temperatures can be unbearable in the desert.
3. Safety
Check current travel advisories before heading into remote regions. Always travel with experienced guides in the desert.
4. Respect Local Customs
Mauritania is a conservative Muslim country. Dress modestly and respect local customs and religion, especially in smaller towns.
Final Thoughts
Mauritania is an incredible destination for adventurous travelers. Whether you’re trekking through ancient caravan routes, riding the iron ore train, or relaxing in an oasis, this country will surprise and awe you.
Don’t be scared to venture off the typical tourist trail. Mauritania is waiting to impress with its hidden gems and warm hospitality.
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