When traveling to Indonesia, understanding local customs and etiquette can make a huge difference in how you’re received and treated by the locals. Indonesia is a country of over 17,000 islands with diverse cultures, traditions, and religions. While every region has its own specific customs, there are general rules and etiquette that can help you avoid misunderstandings and build positive connections.
Greetings and Introductions
Indonesians are usually polite and friendly, and a warm greeting goes a long way. When meeting someone, it’s common to say “Selamat” followed by the relevant phrase. For example, “Selamat pagi” means “good morning” and “Selamat sore” means “good afternoon.” If you’re unsure, a simple “Hello” often works, as many people speak at least some English.
In more formal settings, a slight bow of the head or a handshake is common. However, the handshake might be a little softer than what you may be used to. In Muslim-majority areas, some women may not shake hands with men. If you’re unsure, it’s best to wait for the other person to extend their hand or use both hands to clasp your own in front of your chest while offering a slight bow.
Always use someone’s title and first name when addressing people, especially those older than you or in a position of authority. For example, use “Pak” (Sir) or “Bu” (Ma’am) before their name if you’re speaking in a more formal or respectful setting.
Dress Code
Modesty is important in Indonesia, especially in religious and rural areas. While many Indonesians dress casually in cities, you should avoid wearing revealing clothes such as short skirts, tank tops, or tight clothing. Men shouldn’t go shirtless in public except at the beach.
If you’re visiting a mosque, both men and women are required to dress modestly. Women should wear long sleeves, long skirts or pants, and a headscarf. It’s also common to remove shoes before entering religious places, traditional homes, or certain businesses. Always carry socks if you think you might need them for such occasions.
Eating and Table Manners
In Indonesia, it’s traditional to eat with your hands, particularly in more rural settings. If you prefer using utensils, most places will provide a spoon and fork; however, knives are generally less common. Don’t be surprised if people use a spoon to cut their food.
When eating with your hands, make sure to always use your right hand. The left hand is considered impolite for eating as it’s associated with hygiene tasks. If you’re new to eating with your hands, try to practice a bit first or observe how locals do it before starting your meal.
It’s considered polite to wait until the eldest person begins eating. If you’re invited to someone’s home, avoid finishing all the food on your plate, as this can make the host think they didn’t provide enough. Leaving a small portion shows appreciation without implying the meal was too little.
Body Language and Personal Space
In Indonesia, people value respect for personal space, but there isn’t as strong a focus on “personal bubbles” as in some Western countries. It’s common for people to stand closer to each other when having a conversation.
However, touching someone’s head, even a child’s, is considered impolite, as the head is viewed as the most sacred part of the body. Try to avoid pointing at people or objects, especially with your index finger. Instead, use your whole hand or your thumb if you need to gesture.
Public displays of affection, like kissing or hugging, are considered inappropriate, especially in rural or religious areas. It’s better to keep physical contact to a minimum in public places.
Visiting Religious or Traditional Sites
When visiting temples or mosques, respect is essential. As mentioned before, dress modestly, and make sure your shoulders and knees are covered. Always remove your shoes before entering, and in some temples, you’re required to wear a sarong or sash, which may be provided.
If you’re taking photos, be respectful, especially if religious ceremonies are underway. In some places, it’s illegal to take pictures around holy sites without permission. Always ask a local or guide if it’s acceptable before snapping a photo. Avoid stepping in front of people who are praying and keep your voice down when visiting sacred spaces.
Bargaining at Markets
Haggling or bargaining is a common practice in Indonesian markets, especially for souvenirs or non-fixed-price items. Don’t worry you’re offending anyone by negotiating, as it’s expected. Start with a lower offer than what you’re willing to pay and work your way toward the middle. That being said, be respectful—don’t insult the merchant with extremely low offers.
If the price for an item seems too high but you’re not sure how much to offer, observe how locals negotiate or ask a local friend for help. However, some places like malls or high-end stores have fixed prices, and in those situations, bargaining is not appropriate.
Public Behavior and Politeness
Indonesians tend to be more reserved in public, and loud or aggressive behavior is frowned upon. When you’re speaking, especially in a formal or traditional setting, keep your voice at a moderate tone and avoid making rude gestures or using strong language.
Patience is also appreciated. In Indonesia, punctuality is less of a priority than in many Western countries. Don’t be surprised if things run on “jam karet” (rubber time), meaning there may be delays or a relaxed approach to scheduled times, especially for social gatherings or informal events.
Indonesians place a big value on avoiding confrontation and direct criticism, a concept known as “saving face.” If you encounter a problem, try to remain calm and handle it discreetly and tactfully. Being direct or showing frustration won’t help and might only make things worse.
Respecting Religious Norms
Indonesia is home to several major religions, but Islam is the dominant faith. During Ramadan, a month of fasting for Muslims, it’s especially important to show respect. While not everyone is expected to fast, try not to eat, drink, or smoke in public during daytime hours if you’re in a Muslim-majority area. However, exceptions are often made in tourist areas.
In Hindu-majority Bali, one unique tradition travelers should know about is Nyepi, or the “Day of Silence.” On this day, everything shuts down, and people stay indoors to meditate or rest. No flights, vehicles, or businesses operate. If you happen to be in Bali for Nyepi, make sure you’re prepared and respect the tradition by remaining in your accommodation.
Gifts and Offering Thanks
If you’re invited to someone’s home, it’s customary to bring a small gift as a token of appreciation. Suitable gifts might include fruit, pastries, or something from your home country. Avoid giving alcohol unless you’re certain the host drinks, as many Indonesians abstain due to religious reasons.
When offering or receiving gifts, use both hands or just your right hand. Using both hands shows greater respect. A small gift to say “thank you” is appreciated but not always expected. If you’re making a donation at a temple or religious site, place the money in the designated box rather than handing it directly to a person.
Transportation Etiquette
Indonesia can get crowded, especially in urban centers like Jakarta and Bali. If you’re using public transport like buses, be patient and follow the queue if there is one. In busy areas, offering your seat to elderly people, pregnant women, or those carrying young children is expected.
In small local taxis, “ojek” motorbikes, or “bemo” minibuses, it’s common practice to negotiate the fare before you start your journey. Ride-hailing apps like Gojek have fixed pricing, but when using traditional transport, ask for the price upfront to avoid misunderstandings later. Tipping isn’t mandatory, but rounding up your fare is a nice gesture appreciated by drivers.
Final Tips
When in doubt, observe how the locals are behaving and follow their lead. Indonesians are understanding and forgiving if they know you’re a visitor trying to respect their culture. Smiling and showing gratitude are universal ways to make your journey in Indonesia friendlier and more rewarding.
By showing interest in the local customs and being respectful, you will not only avoid offending anyone but also open up opportunities for meaningful interactions. Enjoy your time in Indonesia, and don’t hesitate to ask locals if you’re uncertain about any traditions or practices!
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