Iraq might not be on everyone’s travel radar, but that’s exactly what makes it special. Avoid the tourist crowds and delve into one of the oldest civilizations in the world. You’ll discover a stunning landscape, ancient cities, and a deep, complex history. Not to mention an incredibly warm and welcoming culture. It’s both surprising and fascinating.
Overview of Iraq
Iraq is located in the Middle East, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the south, and Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia to the west. It’s home to some of the world’s oldest cities and the once-great Mesopotamian civilization.
Baghdad is the capital city, known for its historical significance and the Tigris River that runs through it. Despite the challenges Iraq has faced in recent decades, it has much to offer any traveler willing to explore.
Basic Info
The official language in Iraq is Arabic, with Kurdish also widely spoken, especially in the northern region. If you’re heading to Baghdad or the southern parts of the country, expect to hear Arabic predominantly. In the Kurdistan region, you’ll hear Kurdish more often, though many signs are in both languages.
Iraq uses the Iraqi dinar (IQD), and cash is king in most places. Credit cards aren’t as widely accepted as you might be used to in Western countries. Make sure to have enough cash on hand when you’re traveling in more rural areas.
Culture and People
Iraqis are incredibly hospitable and proud of their culture. Guests are treated with great respect, and you’ll likely find yourself invited into people’s homes for tea or even a meal. It’s an honor to host a visitor, and most Iraqis go out of their way to make travelers feel welcome. Don’t be surprised if locals approach you with curiosity, especially in less touristy areas.
The culture is deeply influenced by Islam, and you’ll notice that mosques play a central role in daily life. Call to prayer echoes through the cities five times a day. While Iraq is a Muslim-majority country, there are also Christian and Yazidi communities, especially in the north.
Be mindful when visiting holy sites, and always dress modestly. For women, this typically means covering your arms and legs, and sometimes your hair, especially when entering mosques or religious shrines.
A Brief Dive into History
Iraq is home to some of the oldest civilizations in human history. Mesopotamia, the ‘land between two rivers’ (the Tigris and Euphrates), is often called the Cradle of Civilization. It’s where writing, agriculture, and cities first developed. You can still visit the ruins of ancient cities like Babylon and Ur.
Babylon, once the capital of an empire, was home to the famous Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. While the gardens no longer exist, the ruins of the city are still impressive and worth a visit.
Ur, another ancient city, is believed to be the birthplace of the prophet Abraham. The iconic ziggurat—an ancient temple structure—still stands here today.
Iraq’s more recent history has been turbulent, with wars and internal conflicts taking a heavy toll. However, the resilience of the people and the country’s cultural significance remain strong. Today, efforts are being made to preserve Iraq’s historical and archaeological treasures, and some parts of the country are becoming more accessible to tourists.
Where to Visit in Iraq
Baghdad
Baghdad is a city of contrasts. It’s been through its share of hardship, but its spirit is resilient. The capital is home to incredible museums, mosques, and markets. Start with a visit to the Iraq Museum, which holds priceless artifacts from the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia. You’ll find objects ranging from sculptures to jewelry and clay tablets covered in cuneiform script—the world’s oldest written language.
Don’t miss Al-Mutanabbi Street, named after Iraq’s famous poet. It’s the heart and soul of Baghdad’s book trade and one of the city’s most historic areas. Bookstores line the streets, and intellectual discussions fill the air in cafes. It’s a reminder of Baghdad’s rich cultural history as a center of learning and literature.
Basra
Located in southern Iraq, Basra is a port city on the Shatt al-Arab waterway. It’s known for its palm trees and role in Iraq’s oil economy. Basra is also mentioned frequently in “One Thousand and One Nights” tales, giving it a mystical feel. Here, you can take boat rides through the marshes that have been inhabited by tribes for thousands of years. It’s a peaceful retreat from the urban hustle.
Mosul
Mosul might be known internationally due to its involvement in recent conflicts, but it’s one of Iraq’s most historic cities. The Old City of Mosul was home to the iconic Great Mosque of al-Nuri, a major historical and spiritual site. Though much was destroyed, efforts are underway to restore this once-glorious landmark.
Don’t let Mosul’s recent history define it for you. There are still neighborhoods filled with life, markets bustling with energy, and friendly locals eager to show that the city is rebuilding. If you visit, you’ll feel immersed in history, with layers of ancient Assyrian, Ottoman, and modern elements in the mix.
Erbil
One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Erbil is the capital of the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The citadel at the city’s center is a UNESCO World Heritage site and offers a glimpse into several millennia of history. It’s especially popular with travelers due to its relative safety and incredible cultural sites.
Make time to stroll through the Qaysari Bazaar, one of the oldest markets in the region. You can find traditional Kurdish carpets, local handicrafts, and the chance to mingle with locals over a cup of strong tea. Erbil provides a good window into Kurdish culture and history, an essential part of Iraq’s fabric.
Safety and Practical Tips
It’s no secret that Iraq has endured its share of challenges in recent years, so safety is a common concern. However, areas like Kurdistan are generally much safer and more accessible for first-time visitors. Erbil, and the surrounding region, is a good starting point for those new to Iraq.
Keep in mind that travel to other parts of the country, particularly Baghdad, Mosul, or Basra, should be planned with care. Security may still be uncertain in some regions, and it’s always wise to check current travel advisories from your local government. Travel permits may also be required when visiting certain areas outside of Kurdistan.
If you’re in urban areas, especially near religious holidays or if there are political events, be prepared for checkpoints and increased security measures. It’s best to have a local guide or fixer to help you navigate more sensitive areas.
Final Thoughts
Tourism in Iraq is not for everyone, but for those willing to take the plunge, it offers an experience unlike any other. It’s raw and unfiltered, yet deeply rewarding. You’ll find yourself falling in love with the history, the landscapes, and, most importantly, the people.
Iraq might not be an easy trip, but it’s one you’ll never forget. If you’re an adventurer, a history buff, or someone who enjoys going off the beaten path, Iraq will surprise you in the best possible way.
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