Mongolia has vast, rugged landscapes and nomadic cultures that captivate visitors. But like any other country, there are essential health and safety tips you should follow. It’s important to be prepared so your trip goes smoothly.
Staying Healthy in Mongolia
The healthcare system in Mongolia might not be what you are used to. Medical facilities, especially in rural areas, are basic. Urban clinics in Ulaanbaatar are generally better but limited. To stay healthy, take a few precautions.
Drink bottled water
Tap water in Mongolia isn’t safe to drink. Always use bottled or boiled water for drinking and brushing your teeth. You can also use water purification tablets in case bottled water isn’t available.
Watch what you eat
Mongolia is known for its meat-heavy diet, and local dishes are often quite safe to eat. However, avoid any food from street vendors unless it’s fully cooked. Stick to places that look clean.
Stay hydrated in the dry air
The climate can be dry, especially in the Gobi Desert. Carry plenty of water, particularly when trekking. Mongolia’s high altitude can also contribute to quicker dehydration. Keep hydrating often.
Prepare for altitude sickness
If you plan on trekking in the Altai Mountains or other high-altitude regions, be aware of altitude sickness. Before your trip, consider spending a few days in Ulaanbaatar or another lower-altitude spot to acclimatize. Symptoms of altitude sickness include headaches, nausea, and shortness of breath.
Use sunscreen and lip balm
Mongolia’s strong UV rays and dry air can harm your skin. Always wear sunscreen, even on cloudy days. It’s also smart to carry lip balm, as chapped lips are common in Mongolia’s harsh climate.
Recommended Vaccinations
Before you travel, make sure your vaccinations are up to date. Some vaccines are strongly recommended.
Routine vaccines
Ensure you’ve had routine vaccines such as measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), tetanus, polio, and the yearly flu shot. These are basic but necessary.
Hepatitis A and B
Hepatitis A can spread through contaminated food and water. Getting vaccinated is a sound idea. It’s also recommended to have the Hepatitis B shot in case of a medical emergency where you might need blood transfusions or injections.
Rabies
If you’re planning to spend extended time in rural or remote areas where you might be exposed to animals, you should consider the rabies vaccine. Stray dogs and wild animals, especially in rural Mongolia, can carry the virus.
Typhoid
Typhoid is spread through contaminated food and water. If you are staying with locals in rural areas or consuming food from questionable places, the vaccine is worth getting.
Emergency Contact Numbers in Mongolia
It’s essential to have emergency numbers saved on your phone. Mongolia does have emergency services, though they might be limited in rural areas.
Police
The number for the police in Mongolia is 102. In case of any emergency or theft, you should contact the police immediately.
Ambulance
For medical emergencies, call 103. Be aware that emergency medical services may take longer to reach rural areas than urban spots.
Fire Department
The fire department number is 101. If you are staying near a ger (traditional Mongolian tent) camp, fire safety is very important.
Embassy contacts
Before you travel, make note of your country’s embassy contact details in Mongolia. In case of emergencies, contact your embassy for assistance.
Safety in Mongolia
Mongolia is generally considered safe, but like anywhere, precautions should be taken. Crime isn’t a major concern, but there are things you should watch out for.
In urban areas
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital, is relatively safe, but petty crime like pickpocketing can happen, especially at tourist sites or in crowded areas. Always keep an eye on your belongings.
If you’re taking a taxi, use official cab services. Avoid taking rides from unmarked vehicles. If possible, ask your hotel or guesthouse to call a trusted taxi for you.
At night, stick to well-lit areas and avoid walking alone, especially in smaller towns and the outskirts of Ulaanbaatar. Crime increases after dark.
In rural areas
Mongolia’s countryside is vast and sparsely populated. You’re unlikely to encounter crime in rural areas, but there are other safety concerns.
If you’re trekking, particularly in remote areas, always go with a guide. It’s easy to get lost, and cell coverage is extremely limited. Yaks and other animals on the trail might seem cute, but keep your distance as some are aggressive.
Also, inform your hotel of your travel plans before exploring rural areas. In case something happens, at least someone knows where you’ve gone.
Weather cautions
The weather in Mongolia can change rapidly. Winter months are bitterly cold, and summer can bring flash floods. Always carry extra layers of clothing, even during the summer months. A lightweight rain jacket or poncho is also smart to have on hand.
If you venture into the desert or high-altitude areas, pack a sturdy pair of hiking boots and a proper sleeping bag if you plan to camp. Mongolia can experience sandstorms in the Gobi Desert and snow in the mountains, even during summertime.
Transportation Safety
Traveling around Mongolia presents its own set of challenges because of the country’s size and terrain. Roads in Mongolia are often unpaved outside of Ulaanbaatar and the highways linking major cities. Here’s how to stay safe when getting around.
Private and public transport
Buses and minivans are common modes of transportation. These can be overcrowded and not the most comfortable, but they are generally safe. Stick to buses with a good reputation and always inspect your seatbelt if you’re on a long trip.
If you’re hiring a car, make sure the vehicle is in good condition, especially if you plan to drive into the countryside. Punctures and breakdowns are common because of poor road conditions in rural Mongolia.
It’s not recommended to drive yourself if you aren’t used to Mongolian roads. Hire an experienced local driver through a verified agency.
Air travel
For long-distance travel, Mongolia has regional flights across the country. Aero Mongolia and Hunnu Air cover many destinations. Domestic flights are safe, and regulations are followed, though weather delays are common due to Mongolia’s unpredictable weather. Always check the flight status before heading to the airport.
Interaction with Locals
Mongolia has a proud, hospitable culture. Locals are generally friendly, especially in rural areas. However, it’s wise to be respectful of Mongolian customs and traditions.
Ger traditions
When you enter a traditional ger (or yurt), always walk clockwise around the inside of the tent. Never touch or lean on the central support poles, as it’s considered bad luck.
When offered food or drink, accept it courteously. Even if you feel uncomfortable, you don’t have to eat or drink everything, but it’s considered rude to refuse outright.
Avoid political discussions
Though Mongolia is friendly, it’s wise to avoid topics about politics unless you’re sure the conversation is welcome. Discussions about China, Russia, or the country’s political history can spark tension, especially among older generations.
Conclusion
Mongolia is a safe and exciting destination. With a little preparation, your trip will likely be memorable for all the right reasons. Keep these health and safety tips in mind, and you’ll be able to enjoy Mongolia’s extraordinary landscapes and rich culture without worry.
Whether you’re staying in Ulaanbaatar or venturing into the Gobi Desert, taking care of your health and safety should be a priority.
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