Mongolia is a destination that is often overlooked by travelers, but it offers incredible natural beauty and a rich cultural experience. It’s a place where you can immerse yourself in nomadic traditions, see vast landscapes, and explore untouched wilderness. If you’re planning a trip there, you’ll need to know a few essential tips to make your visit smooth, enjoyable, and affordable. This guide will walk you through the basics of getting around, staying safe, respecting local customs, and saving money.
Transportation
Getting to Mongolia
Flying is the most convenient way to reach Mongolia. The country’s main international airport is Chinggis Khaan International Airport, located 18 kilometers from Ulaanbaatar, the capital. There are a few direct flights from cities like Seoul, Moscow, and Beijing. For budget-minded travelers, flying to a nearby country first, like China or Russia, and then catching a connecting flight to Ulaanbaatar can often save money.
Traveling Within Mongolia
Once you’re in Mongolia, be prepared for long distances. The country is huge, and public transportation options are limited. A bus or minivan ride can take several hours or even a full day, depending on where you’re going. In Ulaanbaatar, taxis are common, and a ride within the city usually costs around 10,000 MNT (Mongolian currency). The taxis are not metered, so you’ll need to negotiate the fare before starting your trip.
For exploring the countryside, renting a vehicle with a driver might be the best option, especially if you’re heading to more remote areas. Roads outside the city can be rough, and having a local driver can make a big difference. Group tours are also popular for visiting popular spots like the Gobi Desert and Terelj National Park.
The Trans-Mongolian Railway
If you’re planning to travel to or from Russia or China, the Trans-Mongolian Railway is a fantastic option. It’s affordable, and the views along the way are unforgettable. The train journey takes three days to Beijing and about five days to Moscow. Keep in mind, though, that you’ll need to book tickets in advance, especially during the summer months, when trains tend to sell out quickly.
Money and Budgeting
Local Currency
The local currency is the Mongolian Tugrik (MNT). Credit and debit cards are accepted in Ulaanbaatar, but many places outside the capital are cash-only. It’s a good idea to always have Tugriks on hand, especially if you’re traveling to rural areas. ATMs in Ulaanbaatar are easy to find, but they become rarer outside the city.
How to Save Money
Food and accommodations in Mongolia can be quite affordable, but it’s still easy to overspend if you don’t plan wisely. A meal at a cheap local restaurant will cost around 10,000 MNT, while more upscale dining in Ulaanbaatar can set you back 25,000 MNT or more. Hostels and guesthouses can cost as little as 35,000 MNT per night, but hotels and tourist camps in the countryside are more expensive, especially during the peak travel season (June to August).
One way to cut costs is to travel with a group to split expenses, especially when renting a car or hiring a guide. Traveling during the shoulder season (May and September) can also lead to lower prices on accommodations and tours.
Safety Tips
General Safety
Mongolia is a relatively safe country for travelers, but like anywhere, it’s important to stay cautious. In Ulaanbaatar, pickpocketing is common, especially in crowded areas like markets or bus stations. Keep your bags secured and avoid flashing valuables. Outside the city, crime rates are low, but always take the usual travel precautions, like locking your accommodation and not leaving personal items unattended.
Handling the Weather
Mongolia’s climate can be harsh, especially in the winter months, when temperatures can plunge to -30°C. Summer can bring extreme heat, particularly in the Gobi Desert. Always pack for unpredictable weather: a good jacket, layers, and proper footwear are essential. Even in summer, nights can be cold once you’re outside the city, so it’s always smart to have an extra layer or two with you.
Cultural Customs
Respecting Local Norms
Mongolians follow centuries-old traditions, and respect for family and hospitality are central values. If you’re invited to a local’s ger (a traditional Mongolian tent), always accept food and drink offerings politely, even if you’re not hungry. Refusing hospitality outright is considered rude. A common treat is “airag,” or fermented horse milk, and though it may not suit everyone’s tastes, it’s polite to at least take a sip.
When entering a ger, always step in with your right foot first, and never step on the threshold. Another important custom is to never point your feet at the altar or other sacred items when sitting down.
Greetings
In cities, a simple handshake will suffice when meeting someone new. In the countryside, bowing slightly while offering greetings is more common. Learning a few simple phrases in Mongolian can go a long way in showing respect. “Sain baina uu” (hello) and “Bayarlalaa” (thank you) are good starters.
Be Mindful of Public Spaces
Mongolia is a land of wide-open spaces, and it’s important to respect the environment. Littering is frowned upon, especially in national parks and rural areas. If you’re camping or trekking, always follow “leave no trace” principles: pack all your waste out with you. While there’s no strict dress code in Mongolia, dressing modestly is appreciated, particularly when visiting religious sites.
Language Tips
The Mongolian Language
Though many people in Mongolia’s capital speak some English, especially younger Mongolians, it’s still not widely spoken outside Ulaanbaatar. Knowing a few basic Mongolian phrases can be incredibly helpful for getting around and making connections with locals. As mentioned earlier, “Sain baina uu” means hello, and “Bayarlalaa” means thank you.
Learning Cyrillic Can Help
Mongolia uses the Cyrillic script, a legacy from its Soviet-influenced past. If you’re traveling outside the city, knowing how to read Cyrillic characters can help you easily navigate signs or menus. It’s relatively simple to learn the basics, and a little effort goes a long way. You can also use translation apps for quick assistance, but don’t rely on them entirely, as internet connection can be spotty in more rural regions.
Accommodation
Staying in Ulaanbaatar
You’ll find a range of accommodations in Ulaanbaatar, from hostels to luxury hotels. If you’re looking for budget-friendly options, hostels range from 35,000 to 60,000 MNT per night. Most of these also offer free Wi-Fi and have common areas where you can meet other travelers. If you’d prefer staying in a hotel, expect to pay around 100,000 MNT or more depending on the level of comfort and service.
Staying in a Ger Camp
For a true Mongolian experience, consider staying in a ger (yurt) camp. These traditional tents are set up in the countryside and are a great way to immerse yourself in the local culture. Many ger camps cater to tourists and offer comfortable beds, meals, and tour packages. Prices can range from 80,000 MNT to 150,000 MNT per night, but the experience is worth the cost. Some camps offer additional activities, like horseback riding and archery.
What to Avoid
Don’t Underestimate the Distances
Mongolia is one of the least densely populated countries in the world, so getting from place to place can take longer than you expect. Make sure to plan your travel days well in advance and allow for delays, especially if you’re heading into the countryside. Roads can be hard to navigate, especially during the rainy season, when flooding can make some routes impassable.
Avoid Drinking Tap Water
The tap water in Mongolia is not safe to drink. Always stick to bottled water or boil water beforehand if you’re staying in rural areas. It’s a good idea to bring a filter or purification tablets with you if you’re going to do some long-term exploring outside Ulaanbaatar. Most major hotels and restaurants in the city will provide filtered water, so you won’t have to worry while you’re there.
Don’t Engage in Political Discussions
It’s best to avoid political discussions, especially about Mongolia’s relationship with China or Russia. The political climate in Mongolia can be sensitive, and bringing up certain topics may make locals uncomfortable. If you want to discuss politics, focus on asking questions rather than giving opinions, as it’s considered impolite to criticize someone else’s country, no matter how well-intentioned.
Final Thoughts
Mongolia is a unique destination, and with a little planning, it’s an excellent option for adventurous travelers. Respect the country’s customs, be mindful of its vast landscapes, and prepare for long journeys. Whether you’re exploring Ulaanbaatar’s busy streets or getting lost in the endless steppe, Mongolia will provide you with unforgettable experiences. Just pack smart, go with an open mind, and you’ll fall in love with the land of the eternal blue sky.
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