Visiting Syria is a rewarding experience, but it’s important to understand the local culture and customs. Knowing how to interact respectfully with locals will not only help you avoid misunderstandings but also make your stay more enjoyable. Here’s a guide to help you blend in and show your respect for Syrian traditions.
Greetings and First Impressions
Greetings
In Syria, greetings are taken seriously and can be quite formal. It’s polite to greet everyone in a room, regardless of age, before getting down to business or casual conversation. Common greetings are “As-salamu alaykum” (Peace be upon you), and the response is “Wa alaykumu as-salam” (And peace be upon you).
People may also say “Marhaba” (Hello) or “Sabah al-khair” (Good morning). While men may shake hands when meeting, women typically greet other women with a kiss on each cheek. Men usually do not shake hands with women unless the woman offers her hand first.
Titles and Addressing People
When addressing others, use titles such as “Mr.” (“Sayyed”) or “Mrs.” (“Sayyeda” for married women or “Anisa” for unmarried women) followed by the person’s surname. It shows respect to use both titles and first names, especially in formal settings.
Dress Code
Appropriate Attire
Syria is a conservative country, so dressing modestly is highly important. Both men and women should avoid wearing revealing clothing. As a general rule, make sure your arms and legs are covered at all times. Even though it may be hot, wearing shorts is generally frowned upon.
Women’s Dress
For women, it is expected to wear long dresses, skirts, or loose pants. Although headscarves (hijabs) are not required for foreign women, wearing them when visiting mosques or religious sites is a good way to show respect. Tube tops or tight fits are best left at home.
Men’s Dress
For men, shorts are uncommon in public areas. It is best to stick with long trousers and avoid sleeveless tops. When indoors or in private gatherings, the dress code may be more relaxed, but in public, conservative clothing is the standard.
Social Etiquette
General Behavior
Hospitality is central to Syrian culture. If you’re invited into someone’s home, it’s polite to bring a small gift, such as fruit or sweets. Removing your shoes before entering the home is common, so be prepared to do so unless the host tells you otherwise.
In public places like markets (souqs), it’s common for people to engage in bargaining. This is an accepted part of the shopping experience, but be respectful and patient while negotiating prices. Never raise your voice.
Public Displays of Affection
Public displays of affection between men and women are considered inappropriate. While you will see men greeting each other with kisses on the cheek or holding hands, these are entirely platonic gestures and are common in many Middle Eastern countries. However, romantic gestures between the opposite sex should remain private.
Religious and Traditional Customs
Friday Prayers
Friday is a sacred day in Islam, and many businesses may close during Friday prayers in the early afternoon. If you’re planning activities, be aware that during this time, much of Syria will come to a pause for prayer. Always respect people’s time of worship and avoid any disruptions.
Respecting Islamic Practices
If you’re traveling during Ramadan, keep in mind that Muslims in Syria will be fasting from sunrise to sunset. Out of respect, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during the day. Many restaurants and food stalls may remain closed until after sunset, so plan your meals ahead during this time.
Visiting Mosques
If you visit a mosque, it’s important to dress conservatively. Women should cover their heads, legs, and arms. Men should also wear long pants. Always remove your shoes before entering, and remain quiet and respectful while inside. Taking pictures may be prohibited in some mosques, so it’s a good idea to ask for permission first.
Gender Roles and Interactions
Men and Women in Public
Gender roles in Syria tend to be traditional. Public spaces may be somewhat segregated by gender, though it’s less common in modern, cosmopolitan areas. In smaller towns and villages, you might notice that men and women occupy different spaces in social settings, such as separate seating arrangements within households.
If you’re a man, it’s best to avoid staring or paying too much attention to women, especially in traditional areas. Women travelers should also be sensitive to the cultural norms and avoid drawing unnecessary attention by dressing modestly and respecting local customs.
Physical Contact
Avoid touching members of the opposite sex in public unless they are family members or close friends. Men should refrain from initiating physical contact with women unless it is clear that such gestures are acceptable.
Practical Tips for Interacting with Locals
Hospitality and Invitations
Syrians are known for their incredible hospitality. If you’re invited to someone’s home, it’s considered polite to accept the invitation. Turning it down may offend your host. During your visit, expect to drink a lot of tea or coffee—it’s a central part of social gatherings.
If offered food, it’s polite to accept, even if just a small portion. Saying “thank you” or “shukran” after finishing your meal shows your appreciation—your hosts will often insist on offering more, but a kind refusal is accepted.
Bargaining and Shopping
Whether you’re purchasing souvenirs or daily goods, bargaining is a common practice in local markets. Haggling over prices is expected but do so with a smile and remember that it’s all in good spirit. Start with a lower offer and expect the vendor to counter. Never be aggressive or pushy during negotiations.
Photography
Be cautious when taking photos of people, especially women. Always ask for permission first. In certain areas or near government buildings, photography may be restricted. It’s always better to err on the side of caution and check before snapping pictures.
Alcohol and Socializing
Alcohol Consumption
Alcohol is available in some parts of Syria, but be aware that drinking is not common in public, especially in rural or conservative areas. In more open-minded cities like Damascus, you may find restaurants and establishments that serve alcohol.
That said, it’s always best to respect local customs and avoid public intoxication. If you’re unsure whether drinking is appropriate in a specific setting, just ask politely or observe what the locals are doing.
Respecting Personal Space
Social interactions in Syria often involve standing close to one another, especially among friends and family. Personal space differs from what you might be used to if coming from the West. A firm handshake, a kiss on the cheek, or a pat on the back can be normal greetings among men. However, always be mindful and adjust your interactions based on the situation and the individuals you’re speaking with.
Conclusion
Understanding and respecting the customs and traditions of Syria will make your experience more enriching. The key to interacting with locals is to stay respectful, dress modestly, and be polite. Syrians are incredibly welcoming, and showing that you respect their culture will often lead to great friendships and memorable experiences. When in doubt, observe how locals are behaving and follow their lead.
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