Getting around Turkmenistan can be a unique experience. While the country may not have as advanced a transportation system as some other places, it offers a few ways to get from point A to point B. Whether you’re using public transportation or renting a car, knowing the pros and cons of each option is essential. Let’s break down what you can expect and help you make an informed decision!
Public Transportation
Public transport in Turkmenistan is cheap and mostly reliable, but the options are limited. The most common forms of public transport are buses and minibuses. There are no trams or subways in the country.
Buses
Buses are the backbone of public transport in the cities, especially in Ashgabat, the capital. While they won’t win any speed records, they’re cheap. A single ride on a city bus costs as little as 0.50 Turkmen manats (about $0.14), which makes it an incredibly low-cost option for getting around.
Buses can be somewhat old, and they can get crowded during rush hours. On the plus side, they run frequently in the big cities. Outside of Ashgabat, bus services can be less reliable or even nonexistent in rural areas, so plan accordingly if you’re venturing outside the city.
Minibuses
In addition to large buses, you’ll also find minibuses (marshrutkas) for shorter routes. Minibuses tend to be a little faster than the regular buses and charge around the same price (also about 0.50–1.00 manats). These mini-van type vehicles can get crowded, so don’t expect much personal space.
Minibuses follow set routes but may not have fixed timetables. Drivers are usually independent operators, and they depart once the seats are full. Be prepared to wait a bit but know you’ll be getting a cheap ride!
Taxis
Taxis in Turkmenistan are easy to find, especially in Ashgabat where they line the streets. They’re relatively budget-friendly compared to other countries, but you’ll want to negotiate the fare upfront if the taxi doesn’t have a meter.
Cost
For a ride within Ashgabat, expect to pay anywhere from 10 to 20 manats ($3–$6). Long-distance taxi rides between cities can cost significantly more, depending on the distance and your ability to haggle with the driver.
Reliability and Safety
Taxis can be hit or miss in terms of quality. Some cars are modern and well-kept, while others are older and less comfortable. If you’re catching a taxi off the street, look for official taxis (often white or light-colored cars) over unmarked vehicles to avoid potential issues.
Seatbelts are not always available in the backseat, so it’s worth checking this before getting in if safety is your priority. There aren’t any ride-hailing apps like Uber or Lyft in Turkmenistan, so hailing a cab on the street or booking through your hotel are your best options.
Rideshare Services
Unfortunately, Turkmenistan does not have any well-established rideshare services like Uber, Bolt, or other popular apps that are common in other countries. The country’s internet restrictions make the use of such apps difficult. You’ll have to rely on traditional transportation methods, such as taxis or buses.
If you’re more comfortable pre-booking transport, some hotels can arrange drivers or taxi services ahead of time. This may be a safer and more convenient option than relying on street taxis, especially if you’re not fluent in the local language.
Car Rentals
If you want the freedom to explore the country on your own, renting a car can be an option. But be prepared for some challenges! Turkmenistan is not the most car rental-friendly place, so it’s vital to know the details before you decide to hit the road yourself.
How to Rent a Car
Car rental options are limited. International rental services like Hertz or Avis do not operate in the country. Local services exist, but they are often more expensive than what you might expect elsewhere. Costs can start from $50 per day for a basic vehicle, and prices go up if you need a driver.
You will need an international driving permit (IDP) along with your regular license to rent a car. It’s also a good idea to carry your passport with you when you’re driving, as you may be stopped at police checkpoints.
Driving Conditions
Driving in Turkmenistan can be stressful if you’re not used to local conditions. In Ashgabat, the roads are generally in good condition; however, road signs are mostly in Turkmen, which can make navigation tricky if you don’t understand the language. Outside the city, the quality of the roads can be much more variable.
The Turkoman culture around driving can seem chaotic if you’re used to strict rules. Drivers don’t always obey speed limits or road signs, and seatbelt use isn’t always enforced. Additionally, be prepared for a lot of honking and creative overtaking maneuvers…
Fuel and Costs
One of the advantages of driving in Turkmenistan is the cheap fuel. Gasoline prices hover around 1–2 Turkmen manats per liter (which is less than $1 per gallon). Gas stations are common in cities but can be sparse in rural areas, so fill up when you can if you’re venturing outside the city.
Tips for Getting Around Safely
- Learn basic Russian or Turkmen phrases. Not everyone speaks English, especially taxi drivers and public transport operators.
- If you hire a taxi, ensure the fare is agreed on beforehand to avoid surprises at the end of your ride.
- If you rent a car, consider hiring a local driver to make your experience more comfortable and stress-free. A local driver knows the roads and driving customs.
- Always have cash on hand. Credit cards are rarely used for transportation, and digital payments are uncommon in Turkmenistan.
- Don’t rely on mobile navigation apps like Google Maps, as internet access is limited and unreliable in many areas.
- Keep your international driving permit with you at all times, alongside your passport and rental documents.
Travel inside Turkmenistan may require a bit more effort than in other countries where transport systems are more developed. However, with some patience and planning, you’ll be able to get around reasonably well.
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