Greenland is huge, cold, and mostly covered in ice. The weather can be extreme, but it’s also one of the most beautiful places on Earth. Each season offers something unique, and knowing what to expect from the weather can help you plan your trip better.
Greenland’s climate is classified as Arctic, which means it’s cold throughout the year. However, in the summer, some areas warm up enough for outdoor exploration. Let’s break down the weather, season by season, and month by month, so you can decide when the best time for your visit is.
Greenland’s Climate: An Overview
Greenland is part of the Arctic, so it’s cold most of the time. Winters are very long and dark. In contrast, summers are short but can bring surprising warmth, especially for places near the coast. The interior of Greenland is even colder since it’s covered by the ice sheet.
In general, Greenland’s coastal areas have milder temperatures than its inner regions. Winter temperatures on the coast can range from -10°C (14°F) to -20°C (-4°F), but in the interior, they can drop to around -40°C (-40°F). During summer, daytime highs can reach up to 10°C to 15°C (50°F to 59°F) along the coast.
Let’s look at Greenland’s weather month-by-month so you can plan your visit depending on activities, areas, and seasons.
Greenland’s Weather in January
January is the heart of winter, and it’s freezing. Temperatures can easily drop to -20°C (-4°F), and it’s almost completely dark during this time in much of Greenland. In the interior, places can get even colder, dropping to -30°C (-22°F) or less.
If you’re a fan of Northern Lights, January is a good time to visit, but be prepared for the cold and limited daylight. Pack thermal layers, a waterproof coat, thick gloves, and a hat. It’s also a good idea to bring heated insoles or boots to keep your feet warm.
Greenland’s Weather in February
February is similar to January, but daylight starts to increase, which means the days are slightly longer. The temperatures are still around -15°C to -25°C (5°F to -13°F) depending on where you are.
If you’re planning to go snowmobiling or dog sledding, February can be a great time. These activities run smoothly because of the snow cover, but again, pack heavy winter gear because it’s still very cold. Northern Lights are visible during February too.
Greenland’s Weather in March
March is still a winter month, but it’s a bit gentler. Temperatures might stay between -10°C (14°F) and -20°C (-4°F), and daylight is noticeably longer by now. This makes exploring a little easier.
Skiing tours, snowmobiling, and dog sledding are still major attractions this month. March is also a good time to visit if you want to experience “Qaammat Ulloriaq”, the Month of the Northern Lights.
Greenland’s Weather in April
April is when spring starts in Greenland, though temperatures are still pretty cold. Expect -5°C to -15°C (23°F to 5°F) on the coast. Inland areas will be colder.
Traveling in April is great for snow activities, but as April progresses, snow begins to melt in some coastal areas. Northern Lights season is also coming to an end, so if you’re chasing them, try to come earlier in the month.
Greenland’s Weather in May
May is the transitional period between winter and summer. Temperatures start rising and range from -2°C (28°F) to 7°C (45°F). The days are getting longer, and it’s finally starting to feel warmer in some places.
In May, ice begins to melt, but snow activities might still be possible in the northern regions. May is also a great time for hiking, as some trails begin to open up, especially in southern Greenland.
Greenland’s Weather in June
June marks the beginning of summer, and temperatures on the coast can rise to 5°C to 10°C (41°F to 50°F). Some southern regions may even experience mid-teens (around 15°C or 59°F), which is warm for Greenland.
This is the time of the Midnight Sun, where the sun doesn’t set for several weeks. June is perfect for hiking, boat tours, or visiting fjords. Pack light layers, but also be prepared for chilly evenings.
Greenland’s Weather in July
July is the warmest month of the year. Temperatures can reach up to 12°C to 15°C (54°F to 59°F) along the coast, particularly in the south. Inland areas tend to stay cooler, though.
Icebergs can still be seen drifting in the waters, so it’s a beautiful time to take boat tours, kayak, or hike. July is great for outdoor activities, but still bring a waterproof jacket for the occasional rain.
Greenland’s Weather in August
August is similar to July: temperatures stay between 10°C to 15°C (50°F to 59°F), and weather conditions are generally mild. However, as August progresses, the weather can become more unpredictable with occasional rainfall.
August is fantastic for hiking, especially along the Arctic Circle Trail. Boat tours and wildlife spotting are also great during this time. Summer layers work well here, but pack a waterproof jacket in case of rain.
Greenland’s Weather in September
September is the transitional period between summer and fall. Temperatures start cooling down again, staying between 5°C and 10°C (41°F to 50°F). As the month moves forward, evenings get much colder.
The Midnight Sun ends in early September, and by the end of the month, you might experience your first glimpse of the Northern Lights again. Layer up for outdoor activities, as the wind chill can make it feel colder than the actual temperature.
Greenland’s Weather in October
October marks the start of winter again. Temperatures drop to about 0°C to -5°C (32°F to 23°F) along the coast, though wind and snow can make it feel much colder.
By October, the northern regions of Greenland are already covered in snow, and daylight hours begin shortening. Pack winter gear and consider visiting if you enjoy Arctic landscapes without the crowds.
Greenland’s Weather in November
November is officially wintertime again, with temperatures plummeting to -5°C to -15°C (23°F to 5°F). Snowfall increases, and activities like dog sledding and snowmobiling start to kick off again as snow covers the country.
The Northern Lights become more frequent in November, and the growing darkness allows for better chances to see them. Dress in layers and don’t forget thermal gloves, a scarf, and waterproof boots.
Greenland’s Weather in December
December is one of the darkest and coldest months of the year in Greenland. Temperatures are around -10°C to -20°C (14°F to -4°F), and daylight is very limited, especially in northern Greenland where the Polar Night begins (continuous darkness).
If you visit in December, it’s all about winter activities like snowshoeing, dog sledding, and of course, catching the Northern Lights. Pack multiple layers, a windproof outer coat, and insulated boots to stay warm.
The Best Time to Visit Greenland: Activity-Based
The best time to visit Greenland really depends on what you want to do:
For Northern Lights
The Northern Lights are visible between September and April. For fewer crowds, try going in February, March, or October.
For Hiking
Summer (June to August) is best for hiking with mild temperatures and long daylight hours. The trails are easier to navigate, and there is less rain in June and July.
For Dog Sledding
Dog sledding is best done in winter or early spring (February to April), when snow conditions are ideal, and traditional cultures are on display.
For Wildlife Watching
The summer months (June to August) are best as the waters are filled with whales, and chunky icebergs float across the fjords. August is prime time for whale-watching.
Practical Tips: What to Pack for Each Season
Here’s a quick rundown of what you should pack depending on when you visit:
Winter (November to March)
- Thermal layers (long-sleeve shirts, pants)
- A high-quality down coat
- Waterproof and windproof gloves, a hat, and a scarf
- Insulated waterproof boots
- Neck warmer or balaclava
- Hand and foot warmers
Spring (April to May)
- Light layers (long sleeves, thermal shirt)
- Waterproof jacket
- Boots or sturdy sneakers
- Gloves and a hat (it can still get cold)
Summer (June to August)
- Light layers (short sleeves, light sweaters)
- Waterproof jacket (for rain and boat tours)
- Hiking boots or sturdy sneakers
- Sunglasses (the sun can be strong with reflections off the ice)
Fall (September to October)
- Layers (long sleeve shirts and sweaters)
- Waterproof and windproof jacket
- Warm hat and gloves
- Comfortable walking shoes
Greenland’s weather can be unpredictable, but with a little preparation, you’ll be ready for whatever comes your way. No matter the season, Greenland is a place of incredible beauty and adventure!
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