Paraguay isn’t usually the first country that comes to mind when people think of South America. But that’s exactly why it’s such a gem. Hidden in the heart of the continent, Paraguay has managed to preserve a lot of its history, culture, and natural beauty without being overrun by mass tourism.
If you’re looking for a country that offers a more authentic experience, Paraguay might be what you’re after. You won’t find crowded cities, inflated prices, or lines for every attraction. Instead, Paraguay offers open landscapes, quiet towns, friendly locals, and stories rooted in tradition.
General Information
Paraguay is a landlocked country, bordered by Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia. With a population of just over 7 million, it’s one of South America’s smaller nations in terms of both size and population. The capital city is Asunción, which is where most of the political, cultural, and economic activity happens.
The official languages are Spanish and Guaraní, and this bilingual aspect is one of Paraguay’s most unique cultural identities. Guaraní isn’t just a ceremonial language—it’s spoken by the majority of the population, even by younger generations. In fact, you’ll hear Guaraní mixed with Spanish (commonly referred to as Jopara) in day-to-day conversations, which makes the linguistic landscape of Paraguay quite special.
The currency is the Paraguayan guaraní (PYG), and while major cities like Asunción accept credit cards in most places, it’s still a cash-heavy economy. Especially in rural areas or smaller towns, you’ll want to keep currency on hand.
Major Cities
Asunción
Asunción is by far the largest city in Paraguay and serves as the country’s political and cultural hub. The city has a laid-back vibe, with colonial architecture, wide avenues, and large parks. One of the best parts of visiting Asunción is strolling along the city’s riverfront, known as the “Costanera,” where you can enjoy views of the Paraguay River.

You’ll also find the Palacio de los López, home to the government and one of the most iconic buildings in the city. For museums and galleries, check out the Museo del Barro, which has a great collection of indigenous art, modern works, and ceramics. Make it a point to visit the historic center too; it’s full of old buildings and has a charm you won’t find in many other capitals in the region.
Ciudad del Este
Ciudad del Este is a completely different experience. Located on Paraguay’s border with Brazil and Argentina, it’s a bustling city filled with markets, shopping centers, and traders. People come here from all over the region, especially for shopping. It’s also the gateway to the amazing Iguazu Falls, one of the most impressive natural wonders in South America, located just across the border in Brazil and Argentina.
While Ciudad del Este is mainly known for commerce, its energy is something to experience. The city doesn’t have the laid-back feel of Asunción, but it’s an important part of Paraguay’s identity as a cross-border trading hub.
Encarnación
If you’re looking for a more relaxed vibe than Ciudad del Este, Encarnación is the place to be. Known as the “Pearl of the South,” it’s famous for its river beaches along the Paraná River. During the summer months (December to February), Encarnación becomes a tourist hotspot for locals and nearby Argentinian tourists who flock to its beaches to swim, relax, and celebrate.
Encarnación is also close to several Jesuit ruins, some of the best-preserved in the region. The most famous are the Jesuit missions of La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná and Jesús de Tavarangüe—UNESCO World Heritage Sites well worth visiting if you’re into history and archeology.
Cultural Highlights
The Jesuit Missions
Paraguay’s Jesuit missions are a window into the country’s unique colonial past. These missions were established by Jesuit priests in the 17th century, designed as self-sufficient, religious communities. The ruins of the missions provide a glimpse into how indigenous Guaraní people and Jesuit missionaries coexisted. It’s fascinating how, despite their complicated history, these missions continued to thrive until the Jesuits were expelled from the region by the Spanish crown in the late 18th century.
The two most famous ones—La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná and Jesús de Tavarangüe—are incredibly well-preserved and some of the best examples of Jesuit architecture in South America.

The Ñandutí Lace
One of the most iconic symbols of Paraguay’s craftsmanship is Ñandutí lace. Its intricate patterns are inspired by spider webs, and artisans, mostly women, have been practicing this traditional craft for generations. You can find Ñandutí everywhere, from markets in Asunción to small towns such as Itauguá, which is known for being the center of Ñandutí production.
If you’re interested in handicrafts, this is a must-see, as you can witness how this delicate lacework is made by hand. It makes for a unique and meaningful souvenir if you’re looking for something to remind you of Paraguay’s artistic culture.
Traditional Food
What better way to experience a country than through its food? Paraguayan cuisine blends indigenous ingredients and techniques with Spanish influences, making it hearty and filling.
A classic dish is “sopa paraguaya”, which, despite the name, isn’t a soup at all. It’s a delicious cornbread made with cheese, eggs, and cornmeal. You’ll also want to try “chipa”, a type of cheesy bread that’s often enjoyed with a cup of coffee or “tereré” (Paraguay’s cold version of yerba mate). Especially in the countryside, you’ll find “asado” (grilled meat) being served as part of family gatherings and social events.

Tereré Culture
Speaking of tereré, this drink is more than just a refreshment in Paraguay—it’s a part of their social fabric. Tereré is basically yerba mate, but served ice-cold. You’ll see locals sipping this herbal tea throughout the day from a shared cup with a metal straw.
Paraguayans are so proud of their tereré culture that they even made it their national drink. You’ll often see friends, family, and even coworkers taking time out of their day to share tereré together. If someone offers you a sip, be sure to accept! It’s a sign of friendship and hospitality.
Natural Beauty
Paraguay may not have the dramatic snow-capped peaks of Chile or Argentina, but its natural beauty lies in its more subtle landscapes: the rolling plains, wetlands, and rivers. The Pantanal, one of the world’s largest tropical wetlands, crosses into Paraguay and is home to lots of wildlife, including caimans, jaguars, and a multitude of bird species.

The Chaco region makes up about 60% of Paraguay’s territory, though only a small percentage of the population lives there. It’s largely an untamed wilderness that draws adventurers and those who are looking to go off the beaten path. If you’re into birdwatching or wildlife photography, the Chaco is one of the best places in South America to spot rare species.
History and Politics
Paraguay has had a turbulent history of war, dictatorship, and conflict. The War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870) was one of the most devastating wars in the country’s history. Paraguay fought against Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, resulting in massive casualties and leaving a deep impact on the nation.
In the 20th century, Paraguay lived under the long dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner, who ruled from 1954 until 1989, when democracy was restored. While Paraguay is now a functioning democracy, you can still feel the lingering effects of these historic periods in certain parts of the country.
Paraguayan People: Warm and Welcoming
Hands down, one of the best things about visiting Paraguay is the people. Despite their difficult past, Paraguayans are some of the warmest and most welcoming folks you’ll meet in South America. Don’t be surprised if locals go out of their way to help you, share a meal, or enthusiastically show you around. It’s this local hospitality that travelers rave about after visiting the country.
Because not many foreigners travel to Paraguay, people are often curious and eager to share their culture. You might even get invited to a family gathering or a casual tereré session in a park somewhere.
Final Thoughts
Paraguay may not be as flashy as its neighbors, but that’s part of its charm. It’s a place for travelers who enjoy a slower pace, meeting locals off the beaten track, and soaking in the traditions and landscapes that have remained unchanged for centuries.
Whether you’re exploring the Jesuit ruins, learning the art of Ñandutí lace, or sipping tereré under the shade of a tree, Paraguay offers the chance to experience South America in its most authentic form.
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