Latvia is one of those countries that often flies under the radar, but it absolutely shouldn’t. It’s a relatively small country in northeastern Europe, sandwiched between Estonia and Lithuania and bordered by Russia to the east. Latvia might not be on everyone’s travel bucket list, but it should be. It’s packed with natural beauty, medieval castles, charming cities, a fascinating history, and incredibly friendly locals.
Rich Culture and History
Latvia’s history is long and complex. The land has been occupied at different times by Germany, Sweden, Poland, and Russia. In fact, Latvia didn’t become an independent country until the early 20th century and then regained independence again from the Soviet Union in 1991. This means you’ll find a mix of influences reflected in its architecture, culture, and even its language.
Linguistically, Latvia is unique. The official language is Latvian, which is one of the two remaining Baltic languages, along with Lithuanian. Latvian people are also typically fluent in Russian, English, and often other languages, so communication for tourists is rarely an issue.
Riga: The Heart of Latvia
The capital of Latvia, Riga, is the country’s main hub and a must-visit. Riga is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and known for its stunning Art Nouveau architecture, historic old town, and vibrant cultural scene. Walking through the old town feels like stepping into a different world.
Make sure you visit the Riga Central Market, one of the largest and most impressive markets in Europe. It’s housed in old Zeppelin hangars and has everything from fresh food to handmade goods. If you’re into history and architecture, don’t miss the Freedom Monument, which is a symbol of Latvian independence.
Riga also has a thriving nightlife and plenty of cozy cafes where you can relax after a day of sightseeing. The city’s laid-back nature combined with vibrant urban life makes it appealing to all types of travelers—whether you’re into history, culture, or just relaxing with a drink by the Daugava River.
Other Cities to Explore
Sigulda
If you love history, castles, and outdoor activities, Sigulda is your place. This small town is located in the Gauja National Park and is known as “The Switzerland of Latvia” due to its beautiful rolling hills and valleys. Here you can explore medieval castles like the Turaida Castle and take a scenic stroll to see the stunning views from the nearby cliffs.
Jurmala
If you prefer beaches, Jurmala is a short trip from Riga and is Latvia’s main seaside resort. The long coastline of white sand beaches along the Baltic Sea is perfect for a relaxing getaway. In the summer, it’s a prime destination for sunbathing and swimming. The nearby woodlands also offer a refreshing break for those who enjoy nature and hiking.
Liepaja
Further west lies Liepaja, a port city on the Baltic coast. It’s known for its naval base and a vibrant rock music scene. A little off the beaten path, Liepaja offers a more local, authentic Latvian experience. Kuldiga, located nearby, also deserves a mention, as it features Europe’s widest waterfall, Venta Rapid, a natural wonder that many tourists miss.
Currency and Affordability
Latvia is part of the eurozone, so the currency used here is the euro (€). For travelers, this makes things easy, especially if you are coming from or traveling to other European countries. Latvia is pretty affordable compared to other EU countries, which makes it even more attractive for budget-conscious backpackers.
A meal at a restaurant in Riga will cost you much less than what you would pay in other capital cities like Paris or Berlin. Accommodation also offers great value, with plenty of budget-friendly options ranging from hostels to affordable boutique hotels.
Cultural Highlights
Latvian Language
The Latvian language is something special. It is notoriously difficult to learn, but don’t worry—you wouldn’t need to speak it fluently. The locals usually speak excellent English, so you’ll be fine. However, learning a few basic words, like “paldies” (thank you) and “labdien” (good day), can earn you some extra points with the locals.
Folklore and Festivals
Latvians are really proud of their cultural heritage, particularly their folklore. Throughout the year, you’ll come across various traditional festivals celebrating Latvian music, dances, and folklore. One of the most prominent is the Song and Dance Festival, which happens every five years and features thousands of performers. The festival is a massive celebration of Latvian culture and is recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Saunas and Spas
One unique aspect of Latvian culture is their love for saunas. If you want to truly experience Latvian relaxation, head to a local sauna. Latvians even have “pirts,” a traditional sauna that has been used for centuries as a place for both bathing and spiritual cleansing. Many guesthouses and hotels offer a traditional sauna experience, and it’s a great way to unwind after a long day of sightseeing.
Nature and Outdoor Activities
With over 50% of the country covered in forests, it’s no surprise that Latvians enjoy spending time outdoors. Hiking, cycling, and camping are very popular here. The country is crisscrossed with national parks and nature reserves, offering plenty of opportunities to enjoy nature.
Gauja National Park
The largest national park in Latvia, Gauja National Park, is an outdoor lover’s dream. This sprawling park is home to dense forests, deep valleys, and winding rivers. You can hike, bike, or kayak your way through this scenic area. The park also contains some of Latvia’s famous castles like Turaida and Sigulda, making it a great mix of history and nature.
Latvian Beaches
When visiting in the summer, you’ll definitely want to check out Latvia’s coast. Places like Jurmala and the secluded Cape Kolka, where the Baltic Sea meets the Gulf of Riga, offer unspoiled and serene beach experiences. If you’d like a more remote and peaceful environment, the seaside towns along the Kurzeme coast are perfect for a relaxed beach holiday.
Latvian Food and Drinks
Latvian food is hearty and influenced by the forests, rivers, and Baltic Sea that surround the country. Traditional dishes are simple but filling, perfect for the cold winters. Bread, specifically rye bread, plays an important role in Latvian cuisine. If you try one food, make sure it’s dark rye bread—it’s a staple of their diet, and it’s unlike any other bread you’ve tasted.
Soups are also popular, especially during the colder months. A typical Latvian meal might include potatoes, meats (often pork), and fish dishes. Locally smoked fish is something worth trying.
Local Drinks
Latvians also love beer, and you’ll find many local breweries scattered throughout the country. For something stronger, there’s Black Balsam, a traditional Latvian herbal liqueur that’s been made since the 18th century. It’s bitter, herbal, and definitely a local favorite. You can drink it on its own or mixed in cocktails; many locals swear by its medicinal properties.
When to Visit Latvia
Latvia is beautiful year-round, but the summer months (June to August) are the most popular for tourists. This is when the weather is warm, and all the summer festivals are in full swing. It’s the best time to enjoy the beaches, parks, and outdoor activities.
If you enjoy winter sports, visiting Latvia in the winter might be perfect for you. The Christmas markets in Riga are charming, and there are several places in Latvia where you can go ice skating, snowboarding, or skiing.
Final Thoughts
Latvia might not be the first destination that comes to mind when planning a trip to Europe, but that’s part of its charm. Compared to other European destinations, it’s quieter, less crowded, and more affordable, and yet it offers a lot of cultural richness, beautiful architecture, and natural beauty.
Whether you’re interested in exploring old castles, hiking in national parks, or just relaxing by the beach, Latvia has something for everyone. It combines history, culture, and modern life in a way that is both refreshing and captivating.
Once you visit, you’ll be wondering why Latvia isn’t on more people’s must-visit lists.
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